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Renal Risk Reduction in T2D

CE / CME

Navigating the Latest Evidence and Strategies for Renal Risk Reduction in T2D

Physician Assistants/Physician Associates: 1.00 AAPA Category 1 CME credit

Nurse Practitioners/Nurses: 1.00 Nursing contact hour

Physicians: maximum of 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit

Released: December 23, 2024

Expiration: December 22, 2025

Activity

Progress
1 2
Course Completed

References

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes statistical report. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index.html. Accessed November 27, 2024.
  2. Mallamaci F, Tripepi G. Risk factors of chronic kidney disease progression: between old and new concepts. J Clin Med. 2024;13:678.
  3. Barrett PM, McCarthy FP, Kublickiene K, et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term maternal kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e1920964.
  4. Thomas MC, Cooper ME, Zimmet P. Changing epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2016;12:73-81.
  5. Adler AI, Stevens RJ, Manley SE, et al. Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64). Kidney Int. 2003;63:225-232.
  6. Ostrominski JW, Arnold SV, Butler J, et al. Prevalence and overlap of cardiac, renal, and metabolic conditions in US adults, 1999-2020. JAMA Cardiol. 2023;8:1050-1060.
  7. Marassi M, Fadini GP. The cardio-renal-metabolic connection: a review of the evidence. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22:195.
  8. Sridhar VS, Liu H, Cherney DZI. Finerenone—a new frontier in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition in diabetic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;78:309-311.
  9. Meier JJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012;8:728-742.
  10. Müller TD, Finan B, Bloom SR, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Mol Metab. 2019;30:72-130.
  11. Górriz JL, Soler MJ, Navarro-González JF, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists and diabetic kidney disease: a call of attention to nephrologists. J Clin Med. 2020;9:947.
  12. Drucker DJ. Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 medicines for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Diabetes Care. 2024;47:1873-1888. 
  13. Perkovic V, Tuttle KR, Rossing P, et al. Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2024;391:109-121.
  14. Apperloo EM, Neuen BL, Fletcher RA, et al. Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors with and without glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: a SMART-C collaborative meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024;12:545-557.
  15. ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, et al. 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 [published correction appears in Diabetes Care. 2023;46:898]. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(suppl 1):S158-S190.
  16. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(suppl 1):S158-S178. 
  17. de Boer IH, Khunti K, Sadusky T, et al. Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Diabetes Care. 2022;45:3075-3090.
  18. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2024;105(4 suppl):S117-S314.
  19. Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B, et al. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:2295-2306.
  20. Heerspink HJL, Stefánsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1436-1446.
  21. The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group; Herrington WG, Staplin N, et al. Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:117-127.
  22. Agarwal R, Filippatos G, Pitt B, et al. Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis [published correction appears in Eur Heart J. 2022;43:1989]. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:474-484.
  23. Szczech LA, Stewart RC, Su HL, et al. Primary care detection of chronic kidney disease in adults with type-2 diabetes: the ADD-CKD Study (awareness, detection and drug therapy in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease). PLoS One. 2014;9:e110535.
  24. National Kidney Foundation. Kidney disease in patients with diabetes is going undiagnosed, says study presented at 2019 spring clinical meetings. kidney.org/press-room/kidney-disease-patients-diabetes-going-undiagnosed-says-study-presented-2019-spring. Accessed November 26, 2024.
  25. Tuttle KR, Wong L, St Peter W, et al. Moving from evidence to implementation of breakthrough therapies for diabetic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17:1092-1103.
  26. Mahtta D, Ramsey DJ, Lee MT, et al. Utilization rates of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists and their facility-level variation among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: insights from the Department of Veterans Affairs. Diabetes Care. 2022;45:372-380.
  27. Nelson AJ, Pagidipati NJ, Aroda VR, et al. Incorporating SGLT2i and GLP-1RA for cardiovascular and kidney disease risk reduction: call for action to the cardiology community. Circulation. 2021;144:74-84.
  28. Semaglutide injection [prescribing information]. Plainsboro, NJ: Novo Nordisk; 2024.
  29. Tirzepatide injection, solution [prescribing information]. Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly and Co; 2024
  30. Liraglutide injection [prescribing information]. Plainsboro, NJ: Novo Nordisk; 2024.
  31. Dulaglutide injection for subcutaneous use [prescribing information]. Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly and Co; 2024.
  32. Exenatide extended release suspension autoinjector [prescribing information]. Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca. 2024.
  33. Semaglutide tablets [prescribing information]. Plainsboro, NJ: Novo Nordisk. 2024.
  34. Gorgojo-Martínez JJ, Mezquita-Raya P, Carretero-Gómez J, et al. Clinical recommendations to manage gastrointestinal adverse events in patients treated with glp-1 receptor agonists: a multidisciplinary expert consensus. J Clin Med. 2022;12:145.